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Introduces the Hebrew people, their migration traditions, and the development of monotheistic Judaism. It also covers the rise, division, and eventual scattering of the Jewish state.
we are continuing with the mediterranean civilizations the hebrews the hebrew people were the summiting language speaking people in the mediterranean with monotheistic religion judaism they were highly influenced by babylonian civilization it is believed that they might migrated frommesopotamia and developed agriculture and some moved to egypt and lived as subjected people under the rule of pharaoh according to the hebrew tradition moses led the hebrews to palestine in search of a homeland promised by god in the13th century bc by 1100 bc hebrew people began to emerge as a people within a south conscious culture and some political identity as a result they maintained their identity and religious traditions under different rules their monetistic religion becametheir distinctive characteristics in the age of the politistic religions in their religion god had been as the only and the most powerful of many divinities according to the monarchistic religion of hebrews they should abandon worship to other gods
and receive the divinity from god true to torah a holy law that's to say they rejected paganism polytheistic religion in their religion the concept of god became less human-like and abstract orderly and just unlike the mesopotamian and egyptiangods which might be whimsical and capricious moral behavior was important in hebrews religion according to the hebrews religion was a system of life not only in rituals and ceremonies unlike mesopotamian and egyptian civilizations god's laws were clearly writtenin the hebrew bible torah as the old testament as has been named in christian terminology the real impact of this religious transformation in the middle east and mediterranean would come later when christianity and islam emerge as the othermonotheistic religions in the middle east according to the jews god's guidance has been for all humanity not only for themselves but god has a special contract with the jews they conducted a very limited missionary activity and remained as
minority in the middle east and mediterranean loosely organized hebrew tribes while one by 1200 bc settled the kingdom in the middle east this kingdom reached its peak under the reigns of david and solomon after solomon the kingdom wasdivided into two parts as israel in the north and judah with its capital in jerusalem in the south the northern kingdom was invaded by the assyrians in 722 bc kingdom of yudah with its capital jerusalem remained and afterthis they were called as israelites judah was conquered by the neo-babylonians in 586 bc later persians defeated babylonians in 539 bc the returned ones established a new unique state about 116 bc although the new judaic state included manyforeign people it lived for centuries and could maintain its religion and political identity as a state however with the destruction of jerusalem by the romans in 70 after that the judaic state lost its political identity and the jews
scattered in the mediterranean and in the middle east with their monotheistic religious worldview they're minor ones minor civilization was a bronze age civilization on crete island it emerged around 200 2900 bc and lasted approximately until 100 bc cree
Describes the Minoans as a seafaring Bronze Age civilization centered on Crete, including their trade, palaces, writing, and possible causes of collapse.
thailand was located on the intersection point in the mediterranean it was a cultural intersection point with greece through the north with egypt to the south and asia to the east its capital was knossos minoan civilization highly influenced otherasian islands and the mainland of greece minoans widely traded with mesopotamia in egypt which provided people exchange of traditions and goods increased agricultural hinterland was limited people mostly dealt with seafaring they imitated egyptian architectural forms various palaces withtheir distinctive and striking art display characters of the minoan civilization which was affected by mesopotamia asia minor and egypt the most important of these palaces is knossos which is able to and which is available to see today manaand cities did not have strong defensive walls they developed a writing system which was influenced by egypt archaeological excavation revealed that they wrote on the clay tablets which were found at diagnosis palace three different distinct forms of writing
were found in the tablets one is proved to be an early form of greek language their writings on the tablets indicated that minoans were ruled by a king and they had extensive record-keeping and bureaucracy how did terminal civilizationcollapse the reasons for the demos is still debatable there are evidences of fire and destruction around 1450 bc in palaces and settlements but not at nasa's palace most probably a fatal mix of natural environmental damage and competition for
Explains the origins, growth, and characteristics of the Mycenaeans, including their palaces, warfare, trade, art, and the uncertain reasons for their decline.
wealth weakening the structure of society which was then exploited by invading mycenaeans might be the reasons of the demise of the minoan civilization the mycenaean civilization the mycenaeans was another civilization in mediterranean they were people of the agencyabout 3000 bc the greek mainland was settled by people who use metal built impressive houses and traded with creed and other aging islands the names that they gave to the places indicated that they were not greeks and thelanguage they spoke was not an indo-european one please remember indo-european is the language groups that greek belongs after 2000 bc most of the sites in the mainland greece were destroyed by fires some were abundant and new invaders camecame to the greek mainland these new invasions are believed to be the silence of the arrival of the greeks the mycenaean civilization evolved on the greek mainland mostly on peloponnesia the southern of greece the mycenaean civilization flourished between
1650 bc and 1200 bc the mycenaeans were influenced by the earlier minoan civilization in crete island this influence is seen in mycenaean palaces clothing frescoes and their writing system called linear b linear b is the oldest form ofgreek we know mostly near b inscriptions are on clay tablets and largely concerned with documenting economic transactions of the palace administration but we also have a few examples that relate to military activity the oldest confirmed linear b tabletswere phones in nozzles and have been date to 1450 bce and 1350 bc this suggests that the linear b script was devised in nozzles in crete around 1450 bc when the mycenaeans took control of nasa's palace and spreadfrom here to mainland greece whether by armed invasion or peaceful annexation it is known that the minimum culture was replaced both in crete and in mainland greece by the mycenaean culture mycenaean civilization were more warriors than traders they
dominated the agent from about 4 1400 bc to 1200 bc when it was at the height of its power they traded with sigily italy egypt and mesopotamia exhibitions in mycenae and pillows showed that although the mycenaeans influenced bythe minoans they developed a different culture defense against attack was their biggest concern both mycenaean and pillows were located on the hills in positions commanding the neighboring territory their art architecture and weapons revealed that mycenians were warrior peoplethey were ruled by a strong king who live in palaces with defensive walls while most of the people lived outside the walls the morals in mycenaean palaces depict scenes of war and war hunting they were at the heightof their power between 1400 bc and 1200 bc they enlarged their cities trade activities and established even colonies in the eastern mediterranean they were mentioned in the high tide records and they were mentioned as looters of the nile
delta in the egyptian records it is believed that their war with troy around the year 1200 bc led homer to write epics of iliad and the odyssey mycenian art in art as expressed in fresco poetry and jewellery theminimal love of natural forms and flowing design was likewise adopted by the mycenaean artisans but with a tendency to more somatic and less life-like representations this new style would become the dominant one throughout mediterranean frescoes depicted plants griffinslions bull leaping battle scenes warriors chariots figure of age shields and borons and a particularly popular mycenian activity how about their commercial activities in the mediterranean the mycenaeans had trade in contact with other asian cultures is evidenced bythe presence of foreign goods in mycenaean settlements such as gold ivory copper and glass and by the discovery of mycenaeans goods such as pottery in places as far afield as egypt mesopotamia east mediterranean anatolia sigily and cyprus also
indicated commercial interaction among them the reasons of collapse of the mycenaean civilization are not certain some greek sources attributed to the coming of new greek invaders from the north the dorians who harshly invaded mycenaean cities full of mycenaean
Covers the Phoenicians as maritime traders, their alphabet, colonies, and commercial influence across the Mediterranean. It ends with their decline and a broader note on migrations and invasions in the ancient Near East.
civilization ushered in the greek dark ages definitions around 2000 bc a group of people called the phoenicians settled on the eastern mediterranean coast on today syria lebanon and northern israel it composed of independence these days along this coastthe these days of phoenicia flourished through maritime trade between 1500 and 322 bc until they were conquered by alexander the great after his that the region became a battleground in the fight between his generals for succession in theroman empire phoenicians were known for their mighty ships adorned with horses heads in the honor of their god of the sea yam the brother of malt the god of that since the agricultural land was not very extensive theybegan to deal with seafaring phoenicians were maritime people they founded cities of babylon sydney and syria phoenicians took advantage of weakening of egypt and collapse of the minoan and mycenaean civilizations so that they flourished the purple dye manufactured
and used interior for the robes of mesopotamian royalty from through egypt and up until roman empire this was accomplished through the competition between the city-states of the region about 1300 bc they formed an alphabet which composed of 22letters and based on the mesopotamian cuneiform phoenician alphabet became ancestor to the greek and latin alphabets phoenicians advanced the egyptian numbering system they developed trade contacts with the neighboring civilizations they were merchants with no extensive cultural achievements theyset up colonians at several points in mediterranean with commercial purposes they moved to the westward in the mediterranean and set up a colony on the north african coast at cartage unless come important commercial centers also they founded initaly spain and certain france it collapsed by the 6th century bc due to the assyrian invasion of the middle east the river valley civilizations came to an end in the middle east and egypt around 1000 bc the indo-european
migrations and invasions especially after 1200 bc marked the interaction of nomadic invaders with more settled societies in the near and middle
east