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The report introduces Dieselgate as a massive automobile scandal and explains how the investigation uncovered deception around supposedly clean diesel engines. It sets up the public health stakes and traces the scandal back to its unexpected origins in the United States.
Speaker A
You must have heard of it.Dieselgate, the biggest scandal in automobile history.
The list of suspects keeps on growing.At the heart of it all, diesel engines.
Four years ago, well before the Volkswagen affair, Cash investigated one of Europe's favorite fuels.We dived under the bonnets of our cars and inhaled from exhaust pipes.
At the time, the manufacturers sold us a super clean diesel.
After the Volkswagen scandal, we went back to our old files and got our hands dirty.What we discovered is enough to make you choke.
We went to the United States.The origins of the earthquake that is shaking the automobile world
Speaker B
there was a clear fraud of immense proportion because of their greed to sell more cars.
Speaker A
At the heart of the storm there is Volkswagen, but also the French manufacturers PSA and Renault.You will discover why they're now facing legal challenges.
Diesel Gate is above all a matter of public health.
A team of researchers evaluated the health impact manufacturer by manufacturer.We will reveal their results.They are worrying.
Take a deep breath.Cash investigation will reveal how the manufacturers have been hiding behind a smoke screen for years.
The biggest scandal in the history of the automobile was born where Nobody expected it.
6,000 kilometers from the Volkswagen headquarters in the USA.A country where less than 22 out of 100 cars run on diesel.
To meet those who started the scandal, we set off to Morgantown, a small, isolated student town in the northeast of the country.
It's here in this workshop that everything started.
Dan, Mark and Arvind are three mechanical engineers from the University of West Virginia.
Dan is the boss.He runs the workshop.Arvind, the tough guy of the group, and Mark, the little novice at the time he was doing his thesis.All three have a shared passion, cars.
So there was not really anything that predestined them to bring down Volkswagen.Once upon a time in Morgantown, there were three men who changed the face of the car industry.
The tinkerer, The boss, the student, the Volkswagen, the scandal.
The irony of this story is that the three cowboys had not expected to reveal the lies of the world's leading manufacturer.
Speaker C
We're all kind of car guys, so we never tried to pick a fight with Volkswagen.
Speaker D
It was just an academic exercise for us.There was nothing special about it.
Speaker C
We were trying to show that, yes, the diesels were clean here and they're doing a good job and trying to be proponents of that.It was kind of quite the opposite of what happened.
Three engineers in Morgantown test Volkswagen cars in the lab and on the road, discovering a huge gap between official emissions and real-world pollution. Their findings point to a defeat device that later becomes central to the EPA's public revelation.
Speaker A
Dan, Mark and Arvind decided to test two of the cleanest Volkswagen vehicles on the market, And especially the star model, the Jetta.In 2009, it was voted the greenest car of the year in the United States.2009 green car of the year.Wow.
The trio will measure the emissions of the Volkswagen cars.They do these tests on roll benches, like the testing authorities.Oh, yes.At the time, in the United States, just like in Europe, this is how new models were tested before being put into circulation.The tests are done in a laboratory.
Their research is centered on gases, nitrogen oxides, also called Knox.Knox is a real poison.At high doses, they can cause respiratory diseases and strokes.
The tests confirm the assumptions of the three engineers.The Volkswagens were apparently not emitting nitrogen oxides.
Speaker E
I saw the emissions were like really low.And I mean, I remember texting or calling Arvin and telling him there's no emissions at all coming from these vehicles.
Speaker D
He would be texting me.He's like, oh man, you know, our hypothesis is correct.These vehicles are extremely clean.I don't even see any knocks.You know, it's just zero all the time.
Speaker A
So far so good.
But they have the idea to measure emissions of knocks on the road as they would be in real life, which the testing authorities do not do during their approval tests.
And the three friends were not let down by the trip.In real conditions, Knox is off the chart.Compared to official standards.
Speaker E
We were up to like 25, 35 times high on the Passat and up to 40 times on the Cheddar.
Speaker C
We were seeing tailpipe emissions that were higher than Class 8 tractors, you know, loaded to £70,000.
So it was something that you couldn't
Speaker A
believe had Volkswagen cheated.This was a hard pill to swallow for these three car fans.
Speaker D
Initially, there was a doubt in whether we are doing something wrong.
Speaker E
We repeated the same cycle multiple times.
Speaker C
We realized that the numbers were correct.
Speaker E
They all stayed always the same on all the conditions, highway or city driving.They were always at the elevated level.
Speaker D
We just joke, oh, maybe it's a defeat device, you know, maybe we should look into this more kind of thing.But it was just a joke.The joke has turned out to be real.
Speaker A
A defeat device.
Without realizing it, they had hit the nail on the head.
It is discovered by the American Environmental Authority, the epa, who pursue the work of the three engineers in secret.
During the certification test in the laboratory, this software activates the pollution control systems.But as soon as the car's on the road, like magic, it cuts the anti pollution filters.
On September 18, 2015, the EPA made its discovery public.
The EPA announcement triggers media attention, public shock, and massive penalties for Volkswagen. The scandal then spreads outward, showing how the fraud implicated millions of cars worldwide and began to expose other manufacturers.
Speaker C
Hadn't I really forgotten about it when I received the first call that day?It was a reporter.I went to the computer Googled something, right?I was thinking, what is that?
Was there an accident?Did something bad happen?What's going on?And you know, saw that there was a notice of violation with Volkswagen.
Speaker D
I was shocked.
All of a sudden you become very important.You know, people ask you questions like, you know, on your expert opinion.What do you think?So I'm like, okay, I'll suddenly become an expert.
Speaker A
The three engineers are caught up in a media storm.
Dan, the head cowboy, will even become a Hollywood star.Visiting the red carpet with his wife, he was elected by the prestigious Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential personalities of the year, alongside hip hop queen Nicki Minaj and future President Trump himself.
Speaker F
What is it to be in the 100 most influential people of the time?
Speaker C
That was very much a surprise.
Speaker F
Next to the pop,
Speaker C
it was overwhelming.
Speaker A
It must be said that Dan and his helpers really did make a hell of a mess.
For having installed a defeat device in nearly 600,000 cars in the United States, Volkswagen has to pay a record fine, $20 billion.
And the bill could be much higher for the German giant, because Volkswagen has not just cheated Uncle Sam, but also the entire world.
In total, 11 and a half million cars with defeat devices have been sold around the globe.
In a domino effect.Dieselgate reveals one by one how global manufacturers have cheated the system.
After the German Volkswagen, it's the turn of French brands to be hit, starting with PSA Peugeot Citroen.
The focus shifts to PSA and Renault, whose diesel cars are tested by a French inquiry commission and found to exceed legal limits on the road. The segment explains the legal loopholes that allowed laboratory compliance while real-world emissions stayed high.
Speaker A
In 2013, two years before the scandal broke out, the manufacturer welcomed us with open arms to its test center in Poissy in the Paris region, to explain to Elise that Peugeot diesel is clean.
Four years later, the manufacturer is in the hot seat, suspected of having deceived consumers.
PSA's troubles began in the autumn of 2015, a few days after the announcement of the Volkswagen case.Siglen Royale, the then Minister of the Environment, launched a transparency operation on diesel cars.For this, she creates an independent inquiry commission composed of representatives of the administration, NGOs and parliamentarians.
These experts will test more than 70 cars, both French and foreign brands, and test how much knocks these vehicles emit on the road.
A first in France.
Charlotte Le Petre is one of the leaders of the NGO France Nature.
For a year, she participated in the commission's investigation.She followed the results in real time to distinguish the good from the bad.She's established a ranking of vehicles at the top of the table, the most polluting.
It seems crazy, but the manufacturers simply threw themselves into loopholes in the legislation.
It's time for Some legal talk.
European regulations require manufacturers to comply with pollution standards under normal conditions of use throughout the normal life of the vehicles.
But until September 2017, the same regulations only required the authorities to test vehicles in the laboratory in conditions which are anything but normal, Not like driving on a real road.
Which is to say that the tests did not inspire much fear.
Let's go back to Charlotte Lepitre and her ranking of the best and the worst diesel emitters.In the dishing out of prizes, PSA gets a special mention.
At psa, a car blithely crosses the yellow line.And we're not talking about an old banger, but about a vehicle that is less than three years old.The Peugeot 5008.On the road, its emissions are off the charts.They exceed seven times the emission standards for nitrogen oxides.
These results came as a real shock.The justice system takes the case in hand.
A judicial inquiry is opened on April 7, 2017.PSA is suspected of aggravated deceit on its pollutant emissions, which as a consequence rendered the goods dangerous to human health.
According to investigators, nearly 2 million vehicles are involved.The group faces a potential fine of 5 billion euros.
We asked the PSA executives again for an interview, but this time they refused.
PSA Peugeot is not the only French manufacturer affected.Renault also finds itself in the firing line.
Of the 12 models tested on the road by the inquiry commission, none fall within the legal limits.
Renault's best seller, the espace, has emissions 9.2 times higher than the legal standard.The capture over 11 times.
And at the very top of the table, the Talisman 11.6 times higher than the emission standards.
That's not all.The fraud control investigators suspect the French leading car manufacturer implemented in a conscious and voluntary way its fraudulent strategies.
They criticize Renault for having programmed its pollution control systems so that they are super efficient in the lab and much less so on the road.
Nearly 900,000 vehicles are affected.
A former Renault engineer describes how the company optimized pollution controls for approval tests rather than real driving. The chapter breaks down the technical workings of the NOx trap and shows how its effectiveness was reduced in everyday use.
Speaker A
An engineer from Renault agrees to reveal the manufacturer's secrets to us.
For several years he worked in the engines anti pollution department.To protect his identity.We have reconstructed the interview.
Speaker F
Stravay system.Kitaka.
Speaker A
But yes, you.You heard correctly.In Renault's anti pollution department they are not working for clean diesel.
All that mattered was passing the approval tests successfully.
And on the road, who cares?The levels of knocks don't concern them.
But seriously, at this point you're probably wondering why Renault is so virtuous in the laboratory, but not on the road.
The problem is that you have to choose between lowering pollution and driving and the manufacturer seems to have made a decision.
Fasten your seatbelts.It's a bit technical, but the detour is worthwhile.
The gas is leaving the engine are full of nitrogen oxides.These knocks go through the first system of pollution reduction, the EGR valve.
Then the gases hit a second filter which traps the knocks.It is supposed to collect and store nitrogen oxides.And when the Nox trap is full, it must be emptied.
And so it regularly purges the gases, transforming NOX into molecules that are harmless to humans.
But to perform this purge, the Nox trap needs fuel.So the busier the Nox trap, the more fuel the car consumes and as a result is less powerful.And that's a problem for the manufacturer.
But if the Nox trap is not purged regularly, it is no longer effective.The toxic NOX escapes directly in the air we breathe.
Engineers from Renault would have chosen voluntarily to limit the frequency of purges and thus the effectiveness of the Nox trap.
This is the opinion of the fraud control department.This is what they write in their investigation report.Renault has implemented many technical rules which make it possible to maximize the use of the Knox trap during the approval tests and to drastically limit the use when the customer is driving.
What is hardest to believe in this story is the fact that Renault's Nox trap will not work well where it's needed most.In the city where pollution is the highest.
The fraud control investigators made yet another discovery.Renault had programmed its cars so that if the speed is changed by more or less than 2km an hour, when a purge is launched, the latter is stopped.
The sentence is a little complicated, but it will all become clear.
Speaker F
Condition.
Speaker A
If you accelerate or break a little too hard, there are no more purges and Knox is released into the atmosphere, free as a bird.
To make the Renault Knox trap really work, it would take a dream world with huge planes and endless straight roads.
After Renault is formally investigated, the report follows a real-world road test of a new Renault model in Berlin. The results show extreme NOx emissions despite the company's promises to improve its pollution controls.
Speaker A
On January 13, 2017, a judicial investigation was opened against Renault for deceit.
Faced with the charges, the group's CEO goes on television in person.
Carlos Gorn tries to extinguish the fire.
Cross their heart.With these improvements, Renault will fall in line.
In a statement, the brand is committed to reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides from its vehicles.From July 2016.
Are Renaults clean today?
We want to check, but it is impossible to perform this test in France.So we go to Berlin.Meet Axel Friedrich, who is feared throughout the automobile industry.
For more than 20 years, this chemist has tracked the pollutants of diesel engines for the German environmental agency.
Today he Works for an NGO that investigates car manufacturers in great detail.To do this, he installs this sophisticated machine on vehicles which measures levels of knocks.
And we're on our way at the wheel of a brand new Renault Kajal, released in April 2017, nine months after the promises of Carlos Gaunt.
It's off to a bad start.
Speaker F
We are at 300, 400 and we
Speaker G
are going very fast.
Speaker F
No, 30 kilometers.
Speaker G
A good car have at least conditions.50, 60, not all.
Speaker A
We drive on all kinds of roads like any driver.
Speaker G
Norway again is in an urban area.
Speaker F
Speed limit 50 and we're at 600, 700.
Speaker G
It's a lot.It's a lot.
Speaker F
But it doesn't look like you're a Formula one pilot right now.
Speaker G
No, I go very smooth.If you see what I'm doing is less than most people in France are driving because they drive much more aggressive than I do.
Speaker A
Without being a terrible driver.Axel Friedrich is getting readings that are off the scale.
Speaker F
We are 1200 of NOx concentration.
Speaker G
It's a lot.So it's really very, very high.Unbelievable.
Speaker F
What does that mean for the emission control system, the Nox trap?
Speaker G
And it doesn't work properly.It's perhaps a little bit working, but not very efficient.Clearly it's unacceptable.High concentration.It searches for the health.
Speaker A
There is clearly some mystery surrounding this car.
After a 40 minutes drive, we return to the starting point.Axel Friedrich will calculate the average knocks released by the Kaja during our ride and compare it to the European emission standard, the one that vehicles must meet during laboratory approval tests.
Speaker G
This car has admitted an average of 700 milligrams per kilometer, no.8, which is nine times above the limit.And this car is brand new.It's just one month old.So it's not an old car.It's completely new.And still this Renault crusher emitter.Renault is responsible to make this car clean.And Renault is obliged to improve this and to make an update of this and make a.We need to improve it completely.This is unbelievable.
Speaker A
Remember, that is exactly what Renault promised a few months ago to improve their pollution control system in order to drastically reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides.
At the Frankfurt auto show, Renault promotes electric vehicles while avoiding questions about diesel. The company then issues an official denial, insisting that its vehicles do not use software designed to cheat emissions tests.
Speaker A
We have a lot of questions to ask the leaders of Renault.But for months they've refused our requests for interviews, just like everyone else in the sector.
A stroke of luck.The auto show is being held in Frankfurt.
The huge event for car manufacturers in the spotlight.Electric cars with zero emissions.Among the manufacturers.It's a race to be the most green, as if diesel vehicles were already a thing of the past.
Obviously, Renault are also playing the same tune.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome on the Renault booth.
Speaker E
We are very proud to present to
Speaker A
you, Renault Samuels, the Sambios, a new model that is 100% electric, presented in person by the group's second in command, Thierry Boulaure.
Speaker E
Symbiote's Velocire is clean, it's electric and its battery can be fully charged in
Speaker A
less than one hour.
Once the photo shoot is over, we took the opportunity to go and ask a few questions.Sorry, they'll be on diesel.
Speaker F
Davril de Mildi said.
Speaker H
J.
Speaker A
It may be our questions that are the problem, but it's not easy to find someone at Renault who has an opinion on the subject.
Speaker F
The.
Numbers demand interview.
Speaker A
Clearly nobody wants to talk to us, so we'll have to read you the official press release.
Lenore says that none of its services have violated the rules, European or national, concerning the approval of vehicles, and states that its vehicles are not equipped with software to deceive pollution control devices.
The documentary turns to the human toll of diesel pollution, citing premature deaths and MIT research estimating the scandal's impact manufacturer by manufacturer. It also shows victims beginning to sue the state and highlights how European officials had long known about the problem.
Speaker A
But diesel is not just about rigged software, mechanics and deceit.It is above all a public health issue that concerns us all.
Air pollution kills.Today it's the third highest cause of death in France.
According to the National Public Health agency, there are 48,000 premature deaths per year related to fine particle pollution.
But one question remains.What is the human cost of Dieselgate?How many people died prematurely because of our over polluting diesel cars?
In BOSTON, on the U.S. east Coast, a team of researchers from MIT, one of the most prestigious universities in the world, has decided to count the victims of Dieselgate.
Their study has just been presented at a major US science journal.
They have agreed to give us a preview of their findings.
William Trosier is the French person on the team.He conducted the survey that could shake the automobile industry.
To calculate the human toll of the scandal, William Trussier and colleagues looked into the statistics.Their goal?To assess the probability of developing a fatal disease for people who breathe excessive knock.
How many of these deaths are related to French cars that exceed emission standards on the road?
The MIT researchers were able to establish an estimate manufacturer by manufacturer.
According to their study, just Peugeot and Citroen cars would have caused 50 premature deaths in France in 2015 and 140 in Europe.
For Renault vehicles, the researchers calculations are even more alarming,
Speaker E
more premature on the milk cans.
Speaker A
If we believe the calculations of the MIT researchers, if nothing is done in the near future, the toll could reach thousands of premature deaths.
After years of silence, the victims of air pollution are starting to Mobilize.
30 individuals who've been affected decided to take unprecedented action.
They are taking the state to court for not having done enough to protect them from these harmful emissions.
We met with four of them.Rashid, Clotilde, Renaud and Sandrine.
Some suffer from acute respiratory problems.Others are speaking for their sick children.Their goal, to make the state face its responsibilities.They particularly criticize its lax attitude to car manufacturers.
Speaker F
Set procedure.
Speaker A
For Clotilde, Renault, Rashid and Sandrine.One thing is certain.Their diseases are closely linked to pollution from diesel engines.
Volzagain, Renault, Peugeot, et cetera.
Don't clarify.
The legal proceedings against the state have just started.They will certainly go on for years.
After the Volkswagen scandal, the authorities finally seem determined to act as if they'd just become aware of the problem.
However, the authorities have known for a long time that diesel vehicles are in trouble.
Yes, you heard right.Road tests were carried out three years before Diesel Gate and three years before the French investigation.
Speaker E
Solutions, which will allow us to move down, but also also to the left.
Speaker A
From 2010 to 2014, this Slovenian was European Commissioner for the Environment, responsible for monitoring air pollution.
Speaker F
When exactly you learned that diesel cars were exceeding Knox European standards on the road?
Speaker E
I basically learned it soon after the beginning of my mandate in 2010, at least at the end of 2010.I have first addressed that issue publicly, 22 March 2011 in European Parliament.I remember the date very well because it's my birthday.
Speaker F
The European governments, were they aware of it?
Speaker E
I think they were aware of it.We talked about that publicly.And if somebody was not aware of it, then simply.That's not an excuse to put it bluntly.But it's difficult for me to explain how nobody reacted after my first speech, how nobody really reacted when it was so blunt and clear to everybody why we were not so attentive to that issue in 2011, 2012, 2013, like we are today.
We are today attentive to that issue, not because of air quality, but because of the diesel scandal.It would never be so high on the agenda as it is today if it would not the scandal emerge.That's unfortunate that we react in that way, isn't it?
This section examines France's regulatory inertia, contrasted with the faster U.S. response and the massive buyback of Volkswagen cars in America. It also follows the legal battle led by Michael Hausfeld and shows how European consumers have received far less compensation so far.
Speaker A
Sigolin Royale was Minister for the Environment twice under the Fifth Republic, In particular from 24, from 2014 to 2017, during the diesel scandal, she was the person who launched the independent inquiry.
Speaker F
Circulation.
Speaker E
Vehicle.
Speaker F
Automobile
Speaker A
inertia, a French tradition which could cost us dearly.
Since 2008, France is being prosecuted by the European Commission for violation of air quality standards over 19 cities are breathing unsafe air.
The state may have to pay pay a fine of several hundred million euros.
On the other side of the Atlantic, in the United States, where the diesel gate started, the authorities took only a few months to react to the scandal.Less addicted to diesel, they even made a historic decision to put the affected vehicles out of harm's way.
Nate loves cars, a passion that's fairly widespread in North America.But he is a rare bird.He only swears by one brand, Volkswagen.He runs a garage in the suburbs of Baltimore.And going to work, Nate made a discovery that shocked him.
Speaker H
On my way to work, I drive on a major highway and I see all these car carriers with Volkswagen TDIs on them heading south.From being an enthusiast, from following the scandal, I just sort of wondered where all these cars were going and how many were really there.It was a Sunday and it was raining, and my girlfriend and I didn't have anything planned, nothing to do with.So we just came down and drove
Speaker A
around and then found them following the trucks.Nate arrives in an industrial area next to Baltimore harbor.
On arrival, this fan of the German brand discovers a surreal landscape.
An open air Volkswagen cemetery.
Speaker F
What was your reaction when you first arrived here?
Speaker H
I was really surprised at how vast it was and how many vehicles were stored in all the different parking lots.It's sort of daunting.There were so many cars and they all look brand new and just lined up bumper to bumper to bumper to bumper all the way across these parking lots.
And then when we were driving, you know, you'd think, okay, yeah, we found all these cars.And then you'd find another parking lot and then another parking lot.
Speaker F
They never, almost never stopped.
Speaker H
Yeah, that's what it seemed like.
Speaker B
Yeah.
Speaker A
All of these cars had their pollution control rigged and are now Volkswagen's problem.
Today, the group has nearly half a million vehicles stranded on car parks across the United States.
American justice has hit them hard, forcing the German giant to offer its customers to buy back their cars and also to compensate them.
In total, for each consumer, a check for between $5,000 and $40,000.
Of course, at that price, most customers accept it.
Speaker F
And as a Volkswagen fan, what does it make you to see all these brand new cars parked?
Speaker H
It's a shame, you know, it's a bit of a waste, I guess.I know that by the letter of the law they cheated and obviously the emissions and environment, it's a big deal.And that's not something that people should play with or, you know, break the law.But at the same time, there's all these vehicles that are perfectly usable, I guess, you know, people paid money to have, have these cars and a lot of them probably love them a lot, and they sold them back because the deals were too good to pass up.And so now they're just sitting and may end up crushed or who knows.So it's just a waste, I guess.
Speaker A
As long as these cars do not meet the standards, the manufacturer cannot resell them.
And every day that goes by, Volkswagen has to pay huge amounts for the car parking spaces.
In total, the German group has paid 5 billion in fines to the government and 15 billion to its clients.
An astronomical bill, mostly because notably of one man, Michael Hausfeld.This Washington lawyer is one of the most famous in the United States.His specialty, fighting against multinationals.
In the Volkswagen case, he's part of the legal team that represents some half a million cheated customers.
Speaker F
Were you surprised that at the end the total was $20 billion of fines?
Speaker B
Absolutely.Volkswagen, like any business, did a risk analysis before they engaged in this defeat in cover up.Okay, how much did we make and how much if we get caught, would it cost us?Most of the fines in the US that were predicted by Volkswagen's lawyers would be maybe tens of millions of dollars.
Okay, so what happened was what they say, orders of magnitude greater than Volkswagen ever anticipated.
Speaker A
Today Michael Hausfeld is going into battle again defending Volkswagen customers, but this time in Europe.
In Europe, eight and a half million affected cars are still in circulation.
Speaker B
There is no reason legitimately for European citizens who are exposed to these excesses, excess levels of NOx, or for European consumers to be treated any less, you know, than their United States counterparts.These cars should not be on the road.There was a clear fraud of immense proportion which again, not only cheated massive numbers, you know, of European consumers, but exposed many European citizens to shortened lives because of their greed to sell more cars.If they paid US consumers $16 billion at 500,000 affected vehicles, 8.5 million is hundreds of times more.So you're looking at a number that would far exceed the ability of almost any company to pay if they had to pay a comparable amount.
And to date has done nothing about it other than to stall and lie to the European market.
Speaker F
Did they succeed?
Speaker B
For the moment, yes, they have succeeded.They have succeeded in placating the European consumer.
The closing chapter shows that manufacturers are regrouping and that European governments weakened emissions rules even during the scandal. It ends by noting that the auto industry remains profitable, as if Dieselgate had never happened.
Speaker A
Of the 8 and a half million affected European customers, only a handful have so far decided to.
You think that diesel is over, that the manufacturers have surrendered?Think again.Behind the scenes, they are regrouping.
This is the moral of Dieselgate.October 28, 2015 in Brussels, in the middle of the Volkswagen scandal they pulled off quite a couple.
In a closed door vote the governments of European countries finally adopted the approval of road tests.But they mostly eased Knock's emission limits.
That's right.Until 2021 cars will be allowed to emit precisely 2.1 times more than than today.
You may be wondering where France stood on this matter.Guess what?Their representatives voted for the right to pollute more.Strange, isn't it?Given that at the same time Segolen Royale, the environment minister is launching her crusade against diesel.
Before we leave you one last bit of information that may surprise you.The automobile industry is having its best
Speaker G
years
Speaker A
with record sales and revenues.Volkswagen has become the world number one and Renault saw its profits increase by 19% in 2016.
In the automobile world everything still seems to be for the best in the best of all possible worlds.As if the diesel scandal had never happened.
Speaker C
Sa.