# GEP1005 Week 7 Part 8

**Channel:** BAUGO
**Source:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjkuM5Q4JUU
**Transcript page:** https://www.withtranscript.ai/video/yjkuM5Q4JUU

## Chapters

- 0:09 — Greek Philosophy and Socratic Critique
- 1:38 — Plato and Philosophical Defense
- 2:40 — Aristotle and the Lyceum
- 4:01 — Stoicism and Living by Nature

## Transcript

**[0:09]:** philosophy classical greek philosophy stressed racialism and skepticism to understand the universe great thinking interested in mathematics and geometry empirical discoveries in astronomy and science let's give some examples to the well-known greek philosophers philosophy was not open to common people philosophers did not show any particular effort to convince ordinary people to participate in the elite circles unlike china however some great thinkers like socrates emerge from ordinary people socrates urged people to deal with durational definitions of right and wrong and purpose of life on earth in contrast to earlier middle eastern religion traditions he proposed worldly secular criteria in ethical system rather than devising rewards and punishments of other worthy systems he accused of teaching doubt and skepticism in other words he was accused of denying the gods recognized by the state and introducing new divinities and of corrupting the young he was charged with imperiality and on trial with death penalty and sentenced to that in

**[1:38]:** 399 bc his ideas had an immense influence on the western philosophy sometimes he was regarded as the father of the western philosophy sokratis was the tutor of plato plato attempted to systematize his mental socrates teachings and founded academy in athens to teach it in his work the apology plato recounts the foundational speech of socrates whether factual or his own creation we don't know he defends there the importance of the philosophers or one's right to stand up for his personal convictions against the opinion of society the three great monotheistic religions of the world are matched to platonic toads whether directly or through the works of his student and friend of aristotle aristotle maintained this ethical system

**[2:40]:** emphasizing moderation in human behavior against the instable political life in atons and access of gods and goddess aristotle was mentor of alexander the great who spread the greek thought during his conquests aristotle covered various themes from logic metaphysics and philosophy of mind through ethics political theory aesthetics and rhetoric and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology where he made a detailed plant an animal observation and description while alexander the great was conquering asia aristotle was 50 years old in athens he established his own school in a gymnasium known as the lyceum he built a substantial library and gathered around him brilliant students which were called peripatitis since they held their discussions while they were walking peripatia means to walk in greek the livestream of aristotle was not a private club like the academy of plato many lectures were opened to the general public and given free of charge in the lyceum after the death

**[4:01]:** of alexander the great during the hellenistic period other ethical systems developed one of the most important one was stoics who emphasized an inner moral independence this independence should be accompanied by a disciplined body and personal courage xenov key team in cyprus clientis and principles were accepted as the three founders of the stoic school there is no any single complete work of them strikes believe that perception is the basis of true knowledge the universe has a perfect design and exhibits an orderly arrangement that is the standard for humankind for an orderly life thus the goal of humans is to live according to nature in agreement with the world design strike moral theory is based on this view that the world is a unity like a big city all peoples as well citizens have an obligation and loyalty to all things in that

**[5:17]:** city